Stapler Reload Detection and Identification

ABSTRACT

Surgical devices, systems, and related methods provide automated assessment of the status of a surgical instrument. A surgical device is configured to staple tissue via a replaceable stapler cartridge. The surgical device includes a pusher member configured to articulate the stapler cartridge to deploy staples. The surgical device includes an actuation mechanism that articulates the pusher member and a control unit configured to control operation of the actuation mechanism to attempt move the pusher member from a first position to a second position subject to an output limit for the actuation mechanism and determine an attribute of the stapler cartridge based on an amount of movement of the pusher member achieved. The determined attribute can indicate a type of the stapler cartridge selected from different stapler cartridges, whether the stapler cartridge has already been fired, or that no stapler cartridge is mounted to the surgical device.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION DATA

The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Appln.No. 62/385,649 filed Sep. 9, 2016; the full disclosure which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

Minimally invasive surgical techniques are aimed at reducing the amountof extraneous tissue that is damaged during diagnostic or surgicalprocedures, thereby reducing patient recovery time, discomfort, anddeleterious side effects. As a consequence, the average length of ahospital stay for standard surgery may be shortened significantly usingminimally invasive surgical techniques. Also, patient recovery times,patient discomfort, surgical side effects, and time away from work mayalso be reduced with minimally invasive surgery.

A common form of minimally invasive surgery is endoscopy, and a commonform of endoscopy is laparoscopy, which is minimally invasive inspectionand surgery inside the abdominal cavity. In standard laparoscopicsurgery, a patient's abdomen is insufflated with gas, and cannulasleeves are passed through small (approximately one-half inch or less)incisions to provide entry ports for laparoscopic instruments.

Laparoscopic surgical instruments generally include an endoscope (e.g.,laparoscope) for viewing the surgical field and tools for working at thesurgical site. The working tools are typically similar to those used inconventional (open) surgery, except that the working end or end effectorof each tool is separated from its handle by an extension tube (alsoknown as, e.g., an instrument shaft or a main shaft). The end effectorcan include, for example, a clamp, grasper, scissor, stapler, cauterytool, linear cutter, or needle holder.

To perform surgical procedures, the surgeon passes working tools throughcannula sleeves to an internal surgical site and manipulates them fromoutside the abdomen. The surgeon views the procedure from a monitor thatdisplays an image of the surgical site taken from the endoscope. Similarendoscopic techniques are employed in, for example, arthroscopy,retroperitoneoscopy, pelviscopy, nephroscopy, cystoscopy, cisternoscopy,sinoscopy, hysteroscopy, urethroscopy, and the like.

Minimally invasive telesurgical robotic systems are being developed toincrease a surgeon's dexterity when working on an internal surgicalsite, as well as to allow a surgeon to operate on a patient from aremote location (outside the sterile field). In a telesurgery system,the surgeon is often provided with an image of the surgical site at acontrol console. While viewing a three dimensional image of the surgicalsite on a suitable viewer or display, the surgeon performs the surgicalprocedures on the patient by manipulating master input or controldevices of the control console. Each of the master input devicescontrols the motion of a servo-mechanically actuated/articulatedsurgical instrument. During the surgical procedure, the telesurgicalsystem can provide mechanical actuation and control of a variety ofsurgical instruments or tools having end effectors that perform variousfunctions for the surgeon, for example, holding or driving a needle,grasping a blood vessel, dissecting tissue, or the like, in response tomanipulation of the master input devices.

Surgical clamping and cutting instruments (e.g., non-robotic linearclamping, stapling, and cutting devices, also known as surgicalstaplers; and electrosurgical vessel sealing devices) have been employedin many different surgical procedures. For example, a surgical staplercan be used to resect a cancerous or anomalous tissue from agastro-intestinal tract. Many known surgical clamping and cuttingdevices, including known surgical staplers, have opposing jaws thatclamp tissue and an articulated knife to cut the clamped tissue.

Many surgical clamping and cutting instruments include an instrumentshaft supported end effector to which a replaceable stapler cartridge ismounted. An actuation mechanism articulates the stapler cartridge todeploy staples from the stapler cartridge to staple tissue clampedbetween the stapler cartridge and an articulable jaw of the endeffector. Different types of stapler cartridges can be used that havedifferent staple lengths suitable for different tissues to be stapled.

The use of replaceable stapler cartridges does, however, give rise tosome additional issues. For example, prior to use, a suitable staplercartridge having the correct staple length should be mounted to the endeffector. If a stapler cartridge having an unsuitable staple length ismistakenly mounted to the end effector, the tissue may be stapled withthe unsuitable length staples if the error is not detected and correctedprior to stapling of the tissue. As another example, if a previouslyused stapler cartridge is not replaced with a suitable new staplercartridge, the tissue clamped between the previously used staplercartridge and the articulable jaw cannot be stapled due to the lack ofstaples to deploy. A similar problem can arise if no stapler cartridgeis mounted to the end effector.

Thus, there is believed to be a need for improved surgical systemsconfigurable to staple tissue, surgical devices configured to stapletissue, and related methods that check whether a suitable staplercartridge is mounted to a clamping and stapling surgical instrumentprior to use. Preferably, the improved surgical systems, surgicaldevices, and related methods check whether a stapler cartridge ismounted to the surgical instrument, whether the mounted staplercartridge is new or has already been fired, and the type of the mountedstapler cartridge to ensure that the mounted stapler cartridge has asuitable staple length for the tissue to be stapled.

BRIEF SUMMARY

Improved surgical systems configurable to staple tissue, surgicaldevices configured to staple tissue, and related methods are providedthat check whether a suitable stapler cartridge is mounted to a surgicalinstrument prior to use. In many embodiments, the improved surgicalsystems, surgical devices, and related methods check whether a staplercartridge is mounted, whether the stapler cartridge is new or hasalready been fired, and the type of the stapler cartridge to ensure thata stapler cartridge having a suitable staple length is mounted. Byverifying that a suitable un-fired stapler cartridge is mounted to asurgical instrument prior to attempting to staple tissue with thesurgical instrument, instances of improper tissue stapling may bereduced.

Thus, in one aspect, a method is provided for assessing operationalstatus of a surgical instrument for stapling tissue via a replaceablestapler cartridge. The method includes operating, under the control of acontrol unit, an actuation mechanism drivingly coupled with a pushermember to attempt to move the pusher member from a first position to asecond position subject to an output limit for the actuation mechanism.The movement of the pusher member is discontinued if the output limitfor the actuation mechanism is exceeded during the attempt to move thepusher member from the first position to the second position. Thecontrol unit determines a parameter indicative of an amount of movementof the pusher member achieved during the attempt to move the pushermember from the first position to the second position. The control unitdetermines, based on the parameter, an operational status of thesurgical instrument relating to the replaceable stapler cartridge.

In many embodiments, the method includes detecting if no replaceablestapler cartridge is mounted to the surgical instrument. For example, inresponse to the pusher member reaching the second position during theattempt to move the pusher member from the first position to the secondposition, the determination of the operational status by the controlunit, based on the parameter, can include determining that noreplaceable stapler cartridge is mounted to the surgical instrument.

In many embodiments, the method includes detecting if a replaceablestapler cartridge is mounted to the surgical instrument. For example, inresponse to the pusher member stopping movement at a stop position dueto an exceedance of the output limit for the actuation mechanism duringthe attempt to move the pusher member from the first position to thesecond position, the determination of the operational status by thecontrol unit, based on the parameter, can include determining that areplaceable stapler cartridge is mounted to the surgical instrument.

In many embodiments, the method includes detecting if a replaceablestapler cartridge mounted to the surgical instrument has already beenfired. For example, in response to the pusher member stopping, due to anexceedance of the output limit for the actuation mechanism during theattempt to move the pusher member from the first position to the secondposition, at a stop position located within an initial range of motionbetween the first position and the second position, the determination ofthe operational status by the control unit, based on the parameter, caninclude determining that the replaceable stapler cartridge mounted tothe surgical instrument has already been fired.

In many embodiments, the method includes detecting if the replaceablestapler cartridge mounted to the surgical instrument has not been fired.For example, in response to the pusher member stopping, due to anexceedance of the output limit for the actuation mechanism during theattempt to move the pusher member from the first position to the secondposition, at a stop position located outside an initial range of motionbetween the first position and the second position, the determination ofthe operational status by the control unit, based on the parameter, caninclude determining that the replaceable stapler cartridge mounted tothe surgical instrument has not been fired.

In many embodiments, the method includes determining a type of areplaceable stapler cartridge mounted to the surgical instrument. Forexample, in response to the pusher member stopping, due to an exceedanceof the output limit for the actuation mechanism during the attempt tomove the pusher member from the first position to the second position,at a stop position located outside an initial range of motion betweenthe first position and the second position, the determination of theoperational status by the control unit, based on the parameter, caninclude determining a type of the replaceable stapler cartridge mountedto the surgical instrument from a plurality of types of the replaceablestapler cartridge.

In many embodiments, the method further includes operating the actuationmechanism to move the pusher member to a third position further awayfrom the first position than the second position subject to a secondoutput limit for the actuation mechanism greater than the output limitfor the actuation mechanism. The movement of the pusher member can bediscontinued if the second output limit for the actuation mechanism isexceeded during the attempt to move the pusher member to the thirdposition.

The method can include operating the actuation mechanism, under thecontrol of the control unit, to position the pusher member at the firstposition prior to the attempt to move the pusher member from the firstposition to the second position. For example, operating the actuationmechanism to position the pusher member at the first position prior tothe attempt to move the pusher member from the first position to thesecond position can include moving the pusher member away from thesecond position into contact with a portion of the surgical instrumentthat blocks further movement of the pusher member away from the secondposition.

The method can include constraining a staple pushing shuttle of thereplaceable stapler cartridge with a body of the replaceable staplercartridge. Constraining the staple pushing shuttle with the body can beused to: (a) position the staple pushing shuttle relative to the body ofthe replaceable stapler cartridge; and/or (b) inhibit displacement ofthe staple pushing shuttle relative to the body of the replaceablestapler cartridge when the replaceable stapler cartridge is contacted bythe pushing member during the attempt to move the pusher member from thefirst position to the second position.

In another aspect, a surgical system configurable to staple tissue via areplaceable stapler cartridge is provided. The surgical system includesan end effector, a pusher member, an elongated shaft, a proximalchassis, a manipulator, an actuation mechanism, and a control unit. Theend effector is configured for mounting of a replaceable staplercartridge to the end effector. A pusher member is configured to push astaple pushing shuttle included in the replaceable stapler cartridge todeploy staples from the replaceable stapler cartridge. The end effectoris mounted at a distal end of the elongated shaft. The proximal chassissupports a proximal end of the elongated shaft and includes an actuationinput drivingly coupled with the pusher member. The proximal chassis canbe mounted to the manipulator. The manipulator includes an actuationoutput configured to be drivingly coupled with the actuation input. Theactuation mechanism is drivingly coupled with the actuation output. Thecontrol unit is configured to: (a) control operation of the actuationmechanism to articulate the actuation output so as to attempt to movethe pusher member from a first position to a second position subject toan output limit for the actuation mechanism, wherein movement of thepusher member is discontinued if the output limit for the actuationmechanism is exceeded; (b) determine a parameter indicative of an amountof movement of the pusher member achieved during the attempt to move thepusher member from the first position to the second position; and (c)determine, based on the parameter, an operational status of the surgicalinstrument relating to the replaceable stapler cartridge.

In many embodiments, the surgical system is configured to detect if noreplaceable stapler cartridge is mounted to the surgical instrument. Forexample, the control unit can be configured to determine that noreplaceable stapler cartridge is mounted to the surgical instrument inresponse to the pusher member reaching the second position during theattempt to move the pusher member from the first position to the secondposition.

In many embodiments, the surgical system is configured to detect if areplaceable stapler cartridge is mounted to the surgical instrument. Forexample, the control unit can be configured to determine that areplaceable stapler cartridge is mounted to the surgical instrument inresponse to the pusher member stopping at a stop position due to anexceedance of the output limit for the actuation mechanism during theattempt to move the pusher member from the first position to the secondposition.

In many embodiments, the surgical system is configured to detect if areplaceable stapler cartridge mounted to the surgical instrument hasalready been fired. For example, the control unit can be configured todetermine that the replaceable stapler cartridge mounted to the surgicalinstrument has already been fired in response to the stop position beinglocated within an initial range of motion between the first position andthe second position.

In many embodiments, the surgical system is configured to detect if areplaceable stapler cartridge mounted to the surgical instrument has notbeen fired. For example, the control unit can be configured to determinethat the replaceable stapler cartridge mounted to the surgicalinstrument has not been fired in response to the stop position beinglocated outside an initial range of motion between the first positionand the second position.

In many embodiments, the surgical system is configured to detect a typeof a replaceable stapler cartridge mounted to the surgical instrument.For example, the control unit can be configured to determine, based onthe parameter, a type of the replaceable stapler cartridge mounted tothe surgical instrument from a plurality of types of the replaceablestapler cartridge.

In many embodiments of the surgical system, the actuation mechanism isoperable subject to a second output limit for the actuation mechanismthat is greater than the output limit for the actuation mechanism. Forexample, the control unit can be configured to operate the actuationmechanism to move the pusher member to a third position further awayfrom the first position than the second position subject to a secondoutput limit for the actuation mechanism greater than the output limitfor the actuation mechanism, wherein movement of the pusher member isdiscontinued if the second output limit for the actuation mechanism isexceeded.

In many embodiments of the surgical system, the control unit isconfigured to operate the actuation mechanism to position the pushermember at the first position prior to the attempt to move the pushermember from the first position to the second position. For example, thecontrol unit can be configured to operate the actuation mechanism tomove the pusher member away from the second position into contact with aportion of the surgical instrument that blocks further movement of thepusher member away from the second position to position the pushermember at the first position.

In many embodiments of the surgical system, the replaceable staplercartridge comprises a staple pushing shuttle and a body that constrainsthe staple pushing shuttle. For example, the staple pushing shuttle canbe constrained via the body to: (a) position the staple pushing shuttlerelative to the body of the replaceable stapler cartridge; and/or (b)inhibit displacement of the staple pushing shuttle relative to the bodyof the replaceable stapler cartridge when the replaceable staplercartridge is contacted by the pushing member during the attempt to movethe pusher member from the first position to the second position.

In another aspect, a surgical system configured to staple tissue via areplaceable stapler cartridge is provided. The surgical device includesan end effector, a pusher member, an actuation mechanism, and a controlunit. The end effector is configured for mounting of a replaceablestapler cartridge to the end effector. The pusher member is configuredto articulate the replaceable stapler cartridge to deploy staples fromthe replaceable stapler cartridge. The actuation mechanism is drivinglycoupled with the pusher member. The control unit is configured to: (a)control operation of the actuation mechanism to attempt to move thepusher member from a first position to a second position subject to anoutput limit for the actuation mechanism, wherein movement of the pushermember is discontinued if the output limit for the actuation mechanismis exceeded; and (b) determine an attribute of the stapler cartridgebased on an amount of movement of the pusher member achieved during theattempt to move the pusher member from the first position to the secondposition, the determined attribute of the stapler cartridge indicating:(1) a type of the replaceable stapler cartridge selected from aplurality of types of the replaceable stapler cartridges; (2) whetherthe replaceable stapler cartridge has already been fired; or (3) that noreplaceable stapler cartridge is mounted to the end effector.

For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of the presentinvention, reference should be made to the ensuing detailed descriptionand accompanying drawings. Other aspects, objects and advantages of theinvention will be apparent from the drawings and detailed descriptionthat follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a minimally invasive robotic surgery systembeing used to perform a surgery, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a surgeon's control console for arobotic surgery system, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a robotic surgery system electronicscart, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 4 diagrammatically illustrates a robotic surgery system, inaccordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 5A is a front view of a patient side cart (surgical robot) of arobotic surgery system, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 5B is a front view of a robotic surgery tool, in accordance withmany embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a robotic surgery tool that includes anend effector having opposed clamping jaws, in accordance with manyembodiments.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of an end effector of a surgicalinstrument with a mounted stapler cartridge, in accordance with manyembodiments.

FIG. 8 is a top view of a body of a stapler cartridge of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a stapler cartridgehaving relatively long staples, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a stapler cartridgehaving relatively short staples, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 11 is a top view of the proximal portion of the body of the staplercartridge of FIG. 7 illustrating detent features that interface with astaple pushing shuttle to control starting location of the staplepushing shuttle, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 12 illustrates a nominal positional relationship between a pushermember of an end effector and a staple pushing shuttle of a first typeof stapler cartridge, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 13 illustrates a nominal positional relationship between a pushermember of an end effector and a staple pushing shuttle of a second typeof stapler cartridge, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 14 illustrates a nominal positional relationship between a pushermember of an end effector and a staple pushing shuttle of a third typeof stapler cartridge, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 15 illustrates a nominal positional relationship between a pushermember of an end effector and a staple pushing shuttle of a fourth typeof stapler cartridge, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 16 illustrates a nominal positional relationship between a pushermember of an end effector and a staple pushing shuttle of a fifth typeof stapler cartridge, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 17 illustrates a nominal positional relationship between a pushermember of an end effector and blocking spring clips of a staplercartridge, in accordance with many embodiments.

FIG. 18 is a simplified block diagram of acts of a method of assessingan operational status of a surgical instrument for stapling tissue, inaccordance with many embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, various embodiments of the presentinvention will be described. For purposes of explanation, specificconfigurations and details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the embodiments. However, it will also be apparent toone skilled in the art that the present invention may be practicedwithout the specific details. Furthermore, well-known features may beomitted or simplified in order not to obscure the embodiment beingdescribed.

Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery

Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numeralsrepresent like parts throughout the several views, FIG. 1 is a plan viewillustration of a Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgical (MIRS) system 10,typically used for performing a minimally invasive diagnostic orsurgical procedure on a Patient 12 who is lying down on an Operatingtable 14. The system can include a Surgeon's Console 16 for use by aSurgeon 18 during the procedure. One or more Assistants 20 may alsoparticipate in the procedure. The MIRS system 10 can further include aPatient Side Cart 22 (surgical robot) and an Electronics Cart 24. ThePatient Side Cart 22 can manipulate at least one removably coupled toolassembly 26 (hereinafter simply referred to as a “tool”) through aminimally invasive incision in the body of the Patient 12 while theSurgeon 18 views the surgical site through the Console 16. An image ofthe surgical site can be obtained by an endoscope 28, such as astereoscopic endoscope, which can be manipulated by the Patient SideCart 22 to orient the endoscope 28. The Electronics Cart 24 can be usedto process the images of the surgical site for subsequent display to theSurgeon 18 through the Surgeon's Console 16. The number of surgicaltools 26 used at one time will generally depend on the diagnostic orsurgical procedure and the space constraints within the operating roomamong other factors. If it is necessary to change one or more of thetools 26 being used during a procedure, an Assistant 20 may remove thetool 26 from the Patient Side Cart 22, and replace it with another tool26 from a tray 30 in the operating room.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the Surgeon's Console 16. The Surgeon'sConsole 16 includes a left eye display 32 and a right eye display 34 forpresenting the Surgeon 18 with a coordinated stereo view of the surgicalsite that enables depth perception. The Console 16 further includes oneor more input control devices 36, which in turn cause the Patient SideCart 22 (shown in FIG. 1) to manipulate one or more tools. The inputcontrol devices 36 can provide the same degrees of freedom as theirassociated tools 26 (shown in FIG. 1) to provide the Surgeon withtelepresence, or the perception that the input control devices 36 areintegral with the tools 26 so that the Surgeon has a strong sense ofdirectly controlling the tools 26. To this end, position, force, andtactile feedback sensors (not shown) may be employed to transmitposition, force, and tactile sensations from the tools 26 back to theSurgeon's hands through the input control devices 36.

The Surgeon's Console 16 is usually located in the same room as thepatient so that the Surgeon may directly monitor the procedure, bephysically present if necessary, and speak to an Assistant directlyrather than over the telephone or other communication medium. However,the Surgeon can be located in a different room, a completely differentbuilding, or other remote location from the Patient allowing for remotesurgical procedures.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the Electronics Cart 24. The ElectronicsCart 24 can be coupled with the endoscope 28 and can include a processorto process captured images for subsequent display, such as to a Surgeonon the Surgeon's Console, or on another suitable display located locallyand/or remotely. For example, where a stereoscopic endoscope is used,the Electronics Cart 24 can process the captured images to present theSurgeon with coordinated stereo images of the surgical site. Suchcoordination can include alignment between the opposing images and caninclude adjusting the stereo working distance of the stereoscopicendoscope. As another example, image processing can include the use ofpreviously determined camera calibration parameters to compensate forimaging errors of the image capture device, such as optical aberrations.

FIG. 4 diagrammatically illustrates a robotic surgery system 50 (such asMIRS system 10 of FIG. 1). As discussed above, a Surgeon's Console 52(such as Surgeon's Console 16 in FIG. 1) can be used by a Surgeon tocontrol a Patient Side Cart (Surgical Robot) 54 (such as Patent SideCart 22 in FIG. 1) during a minimally invasive procedure. The PatientSide Cart 54 can use an imaging device, such as a stereoscopicendoscope, to capture images of the procedure site and output thecaptured images to an Electronics Cart 56 (such as the Electronics Cart24 in FIG. 1). As discussed above, the Electronics Cart 56 can processthe captured images in a variety of ways prior to any subsequentdisplay. For example, the Electronics Cart 56 can overlay the capturedimages with a virtual control interface prior to displaying the combinedimages to the Surgeon via the Surgeon's Console 52. The Patient SideCart 54 can output the captured images for processing outside theElectronics Cart 56. For example, the Patient Side Cart 54 can outputthe captured images to a processor 58, which can be used to process thecaptured images. The images can also be processed by a combination theElectronics Cart 56 and the processor 58, which can be coupled togetherto process the captured images jointly, sequentially, and/orcombinations thereof. One or more separate displays 60 can also becoupled with the processor 58 and/or the Electronics Cart 56 for localand/or remote display of images, such as images of the procedure site,or other related images.

FIGS. 5A and 5B show a Patient Side Cart 22 and a surgical tool 62,respectively. The surgical tool 62 is an example of the surgical tools26. The Patient Side Cart 22 shown provides for the manipulation ofthree surgical tools 26 and an imaging device 28, such as a stereoscopicendoscope used for the capture of images of the site of the procedure.Manipulation is provided by robotic mechanisms having a number ofrobotic joints. The imaging device 28 and the surgical tools 26 can bepositioned and manipulated through incisions in the patient so that akinematic remote center is maintained at the incision to minimize thesize of the incision. Images of the surgical site can include images ofthe distal ends of the surgical tools 26 when they are positioned withinthe field-of-view of the imaging device 28.

FIG. 6 shows a surgical tool 70 that includes a proximal chassis 72, aninstrument shaft 74, and a distal end effector 76 having a jaw 78 thatcan be articulated to grip a patient tissue. The proximal chassisincludes input couplers that are configured to interface with and bedriven by corresponding output couplers of the Patient Side Cart 22. Theinput couplers are drivingly coupled with drive shafts that are disposedwithin the instrument shaft 74. The drive shafts are drivingly coupledwith the end effector 76.

Automated Assessment of Stapler Cartridge Status

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional side view of an end effector 76 of asurgical instrument with a mounted stapler cartridge 84, in accordancewith many embodiments. The stapler cartridge 84 is replaceable, forexample, by demounting a used stapler cartridge from the end effector 76and mounting a new stapler cartridge to the end effector 76. The endeffector 76 includes an articulable anvil jaw 86 that is configured toform free ends of staples deployed from the stapler cartridge 84 andpenetrated through tissue clamped between the stapler cartridge 84 andthe anvil jaw 86. The stapler cartridge 84 includes a stapler cartridgebody 88 that houses staples and a staple pushing shuttle 90 that isarticulated distally along the stapler cartridge body 88 to push staplesout of the stapler cartridge body 88 to penetrate through and stapletissue clamped between the stapler cartridge body 88 and the anvil jaw86. The staple pushing shuttle 90 has a ramped portion 92 thatinterfaces with ramped staple pushers 94 (shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10)to push the staple pushers and the staples transversely out of thestapler cartridge body 88 relative to the motion of the staple pushingshuttle 90. The end effector 76 includes a pusher member 96 that isoperatively coupled with an actuation mechanism via a push rod 98. Aninitial distal articulation of the pusher member 96 can be used to movethe pusher member 96 into contact with the staple pushing shuttle 90.Further distal articulation of the pusher member 96 can be used to pushthe staple pushing shuttle 90 distally along the stapler cartridge body88 and thereby force staples out of the stapler cartridge body 88. Thepusher member 96 can be moved between a proximal limit position in whichthe pusher member 96 contacts a portion of the end effector other thanthe staple pushing shuttle 90 and a position in which the pusher member96 contacts the staple pushing shuttle 90. As described herein, thedistance between the proximal limit position and the position in whichthe pusher member 96 initially contacts the staple pushing shuttle 90can be varied depending on the length of staples in the mounted staplercartridge 84 and can be used to detect what type of stapler cartridge 84is mounted to the end effector 76.

FIG. 8 is a top view of an embodiment of the stapler cartridge body 88.The staple cartridge body 88 has an array of staple accommodatingapertures 100 in which staples and associated staple pushers are housedand from which the staples are deployed via articulation of the staplepushing shuttle 90 distally along the stapler cartridge body 88. Thestaple cartridge body 88 also has a central guide channel 102 and sideguide channels 104 that accommodate and guide complementary shapedfeatures of the staple pushing shuttle 90 during articulation of thestaple pushing shuttle 90 distally along the stapler cartridge body 88.The central guide channel 102 also accommodates the pusher member 96during articulation of the pusher member 96 distally along the staplecartridge body 88.

In many embodiments, the initial position of the staple pushing shuttle90 along the stapler cartridge body 88 is varied and used to identifythe type of the mounted stapler cartridge (e.g., the staple length ofthe mounted stapler cartridge). Specifically, for shorter staples, thestaple pushing shuttle 90 can be disposed more distally along thestapler cartridge body 88 as compared to longer staples because thestaple pushers for the shorter staples do not interact with a distalportion of the ramped portion 92 of the staple pushing shuttle 90. Forexample, as illustrated in FIG. 9, the initial position of staplepushing shuttle 90 must be proximal enough to permit the distal portionof the ramped portion 92 to interact with proximal-most staple pusher 94for the longest staples. In comparison, as illustrated in FIG. 10, theinitial position of the staple pushing shuttle 90 can be more distal fora shorter staple as compared to the longer staple shown in FIG. 9because the staple pusher 94 can be disposed closer to the top of thestapler cartridge body 88 thereby accommodating a distal portion of thestaple pushing shuttle 90 underneath the proximal-most staple pusher 94.

FIG. 11 is a top view of the proximal portion of an embodiment of thestapler cartridge body 88. The side guide channels 104 have detentfeatures 106 that interface with complementary shaped detent features ofthe staple pushing shuttle 90 to control the initial position of thestaple pushing shuttle 90 along the stapler cartridge body 88. In manyembodiments, the detent features 106 are used to position the staplepushing shuttle 90 at a respective known position along the staplercartridge body 88 for each type of stapler cartridge 84, wherein eachtype of stapler cartridge 84 has a respective staple length. The staplercartridge body 88 also has a reuse-blocking spring clip mounting area108 that is shaped to accommodate and support reuse-blocking springclips 110 (shown in FIG. 12 through FIG. 17).

FIG. 12 through FIG. 16 illustrate respective nominal positionalrelationships between the pusher member 96 (positioned proximally intocontact with a portion of the end effector 76) and the staple pushingshuttle 90 for five different types of stapler cartridges having fivedifferent respective staple lengths. In many embodiments, the pushermember 96 is articulated to measure the initial distance between thepusher member 96 and the staple pushing shuttle 90 and the measuredinitial distance is evaluated to determine the type of stapler cartridgethat is mounted to the end effector 76. FIG. 12 through FIG. 16 alsoillustrate the reuse-blocking spring clips 110 in a pre-useconfiguration in which a portion of the staple pushing shuttle 90 isdisposed between the reuse-blocking spring clips 110 to separate thereuse-blocking spring clips 110 to accommodate distal articulation ofthe pusher member 96 between the reuse-blocking spring clips 110 to pushthe staple pushing shuttle 90 distally to deploy staples.

FIG. 12 illustrates a first type of stapler cartridge 84-1 having thelongest staple length. In FIG. 12, the staple pushing shuttle 90-1 isshown disposed at the initial position and secured relative to thestapler cartridge body 88-1 via engagement between the detent features106 of the stapler cartridge body 88-1 and the interfacingcomplementary-shaped detent features of the staple pushing shuttle 90-1.In the first type of stapler cartridge 84-1, the pusher member 96 isdisposed a first nominal distance (x1) from the staple pushing shuttle90-1.

FIG. 13 illustrates a second type of stapler cartridge 84-2 having astaple length shorter than the first type of stapler cartridge 84-1shown in FIG. 12. In FIG. 13, the staple pushing shuttle 90-2 is showndisposed at the initial position and secured relative to the staplercartridge body 88-2 via engagement between the detent features 106 ofthe stapler cartridge body 88-2 and the interfacing complementary-shapeddetent features of the staple pushing shuttle 90-2. In the second typeof stapler cartridge, the pusher member 96 is disposed a second nominaldistance (x2) from the staple pushing shuttle 90-2. The second nominaldistance (x2) is greater than the first nominal distance (x1) by asuitable distance so that the first and second types of staplercartridges 84-1, 84-2 can be reliably differentiated based on themeasured initial distance between the pusher member 96 and the staplepushing shuttle 90-2.

FIG. 14 illustrates a third type of stapler cartridge 84-3 having astaple length shorter than the second type of stapler cartridge 84-2shown in FIG. 13. In FIG. 14, the staple pushing shuttle 90-3 is showndisposed at the initial position and secured relative to the staplercartridge body 88-3 via engagement between the detent features 106 ofthe stapler cartridge body 88-3 and the interfacing complementary-shapeddetent features of the staple pushing shuttle 90-3. In the third type ofstapler cartridge, the pusher member 96 is disposed a third nominaldistance (x3) from the staple pushing shuttle 90-3. The third nominaldistance (x3) is greater than the second nominal distance (x2) by asuitable distance so that the second and third types of staplercartridges 84-2, 84-3 can be reliably differentiated based on themeasured initial distance between the pusher member 96 and the staplepushing shuttle 90-3.

FIG. 15 illustrates a fourth type of stapler cartridge 84-4 having astaple length shorter than the third type of stapler cartridge 84-3shown in FIG. 14. In FIG. 15, the staple pushing shuttle 90-4 is showndisposed at the initial position and secured relative to the staplercartridge body 88-4 via engagement between the detent features 106 ofthe stapler cartridge body 88-4 and the interfacing complementary-shapeddetent features of the staple pushing shuttle 90-4. In the fourth typeof stapler cartridge, the pusher member 96 is disposed a fourth nominaldistance (x4) from the staple pushing shuttle 90-4. The fourth nominaldistance (x4) is greater than the third nominal distance (x3) by asuitable distance so that the third and fourth types of staplercartridges 84-3, 84-4 can be reliably differentiated based on themeasured initial distance between the pusher member 96 and the staplepushing shuttle 90-4.

FIG. 16 illustrates a fifth type of stapler cartridge 84-5 having astaple length shorter than the fourth type of stapler cartridge 84-4shown in FIG. 15. In FIG. 16, the staple pushing shuttle 90-5 is showndisposed at the initial position and secured relative to the staplercartridge body 88-5 via engagement between the detent features 106 ofthe stapler cartridge body 88-5 and the interfacing complementary-shapeddetent features of the staple pushing shuttle 90-5. In the fifth type ofstapler cartridge, the pusher member 96 is disposed a fifth nominaldistance (x5) from the staple pushing shuttle 90-5. The fifth nominaldistance (x5) is greater than the fourth nominal distance (x4) by asuitable distance so that the fourth and fifth types of staplercartridges 84-4, 84-5 can be reliably differentiated based on themeasured initial distance between the pusher member 96 and the staplepushing shuttle 90-5.

FIG. 17 illustrates a nominal positional relationship between the pushermember 96 (positioned proximally into contact with a portion of the endeffector 76) and the reuse-blocking spring clips 110 when apreviously-used stapler cartridge (84—used) is mounted to the endeffector 76. In FIG. 17, as a result of the prior use of the staplercartridge (84—used), the staple pushing member 90 has already beenarticulated distally, thereby no longer holding the reuse-blockingspring clips 110 apart so that the reuse-blocking spring clips 110 havereconfigured from the pre-use configuration shown in each of FIG. 12through FIG. 16 to the post-use configuration shown in FIG. 17. In thepost-use configuration, the reuse-blocking spring clips 110 block distalarticulation of the pusher member 96 past the reuse-blocking springclips 110. When a previously-used stapler cartridge (84—used) is mountedto the end effector, the pusher member 96 is disposed a post-use nominaldistance (x0) from the reuse-blocking spring clips 110 in the post-useconfiguration. The post-use nominal distance (x0) is less than the firstnominal distance (x1) by a suitable distance so that a previously-usedstapler cartridge (84—used) and the first type of stapler cartridge 84-1can be reliably differentiated based on the measured initial distancebetween the pusher member 96 and either the staple pushing shuttle 90-1or the reuse-blocking spring clips 110.

In many embodiments, the systems, devices, and methods described hereininclude detecting when no stapler cartridge is mounted to the endeffector. When no stapler cartridge is mounted to the end effector, theinitial distal articulation of the pusher member 96 (from beingpositioned proximally into contact with a portion of the end effector76) occurs without the pusher member 96 coming into contact with eitherthe reuse-blocking spring clips 110 or the staple pushing shuttle 90 dueto lack of a mounted stapler cartridge. Accordingly, when the pushermember 96 has been articulated equal to or greater than a missingcartridge distance (xm), a determination can be made that no staplercartridge is mounted to the end effector 76. The missing cartridgedistance (xm) can be greater than the fifth nominal distance (x5) by asuitable distance so that a missing stapler cartridge and the fifth typeof stapler cartridge 84-5 can be reliably differentiated.

FIG. 18 is a simplified block diagram of acts of a method 200 ofassessing operational status of a surgical instrument for staplingtissue, in accordance with many embodiments. While the method 200 isdescribed herein with respect to the surgical systems and surgicaldevices described herein, any suitable surgical system or surgicaldevice can be used to practice the method 200.

In act 200, an actuation mechanism is operated to position the pushermember 96 at a known first position. Any suitable known first positioncan be used. For example, in many embodiments, the actuation mechanismis operated to retract the pusher member 96 proximally into contact witha portion of the end effector 76 to which the stapler cartridge 84 ismounted. The actuation mechanism can then be operated to articulate thepusher member 96 distally from the known first position to measure adistance from the known first position to the staple pushing shuttle 90or the reuse-blocking spring clips 110 for use in assessing theoperational status of the surgical instrument. As another example, theactuation mechanism can be operated to articulate the pusher member 96distally into contact with either the staple pushing shuttle 90 or thereuse-blocking spring clips 110. The actuation mechanism can then beoperated to retract the pusher member 96 proximally to measure adistance from the known first position to a position in which the pushermember 96 contacts a portion of the end effector 76 for use in assessingthe operational status of the surgical instrument based on the distancethrough which the pusher member 96 is articulated. The known firstposition can also be at any suitable known distance from either aportion of the end effector 76, the staple pushing shuttle 90, or thereuse-blocking spring clips 110.

In act 204, operation of the actuation mechanism is limited to preventunintended displacement of the staple pushing shuttle 90. For example,in many embodiments, the actuation mechanism is operated so as to becapable of only applying limited force to the pusher member 96 via theactuation rod 98 so that the pusher member 96 cannot apply sufficientforce to the staple pushing shuttle 90 to cause disengagement of thestaple pushing shuttle 90 from the detent features 106 of the staplercartridge body 88.

In act 206, the actuation mechanism is operated to move the pushermember 96 from the first position to a second position from whichfurther movement of the pusher member 96 away from the first position isinhibited due to contact with a stapler cartridge 84 mounted to thesurgical instrument or a portion of the surgical instrument offset fromthe stapler cartridge 84. In many embodiments, the actuation mechanismis monitored to determine an operational parameter of the actuationmechanism indicative of the amount of movement of the pusher member 96from the first position to the second position.

In act 208, an attribute of the stapler cartridge 84 is selected basedon the amount of movement of the pusher member 96 from the firstposition to the second position. For example, the attribute of thestapler cartridge 84 can be selected based on the operational parameterof the actuation mechanism indicative of the amount of movement of thepusher member 96 from the first position to the second position. Theselected attribute of the stapler cartridge 84 can be the type ofstapler cartridge (e.g., staple length of the cartridge), whether thestapler cartridge has already been used, or whether no stapler cartridgeis mounted to the end effector.

Other variations are within the spirit of the present invention. Forexample, while five different types of stapler cartridges are describedherein, any suitable number of stapler cartridge types can be employedincluding fewer and more than the described five stapler cartridgetypes. Thus, while the invention is susceptible to various modificationsand alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereofare shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. Itshould be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit theinvention to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary,the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions,and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, asdefined in the appended claims.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the invention (especially in the context of thefollowing claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and theplural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing”are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, butnot limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term “connected” is to beconstrued as partly or wholly contained within, attached to, or joinedtogether, even if there is something intervening. Recitation of rangesof values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method ofreferring individually to each separate value falling within the range,unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value isincorporated into the specification as if it were individually recitedherein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitableorder unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearlycontradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplarylanguage (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to betterilluminate embodiments of the invention and does not pose a limitationon the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language inthe specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimedelement as essential to the practice of the invention.

Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention.Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Theinventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations asappropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practicedotherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, thisinvention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

All references, including publications, patent applications, andpatents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the sameextent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicatedto be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entiretyherein.

1.-21. (canceled)
 22. A method of assessing operational status of asurgical instrument for stapling tissue via a replaceable staplercartridge, the method comprising: operating, under the control of acontrol unit, an actuation mechanism drivingly coupled with a pushermember to attempt to move the pusher member from a first position to asecond position subject to an output limit for the actuation mechanism,wherein movement of the pusher member is discontinued if the outputlimit for the actuation mechanism is exceeded; determining, by thecontrol unit, a parameter indicative of an amount of movement of thepusher member achieved during the attempt to move the pusher member fromthe first position to the second position; and determining, by thecontrol unit based on the parameter, an operational status of thesurgical instrument relating to the replaceable stapler cartridge. 23.The method of claim 22, wherein: the pusher member reaches the secondposition during the attempt to move the pusher member from the firstposition to the second position; and determining the operational statusof the surgical instrument relating to the replaceable stapler cartridgebased on the parameter comprises determining that no replaceable staplercartridge is mounted to the surgical instrument.
 24. The method of claim22, wherein: the pusher member stops moving at a stop position due to anexceedance of the output limit for the actuation mechanism during theattempt to move the pusher member from the first position to the secondposition; and determining the operational status of the surgicalinstrument relating to the replaceable stapler cartridge based on theparameter comprises determining that a replaceable stapler cartridge ismounted to the surgical instrument.
 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:the stop position is located within an initial range of motion betweenthe first position and the second position; and determining theoperational status of the surgical instrument relating to thereplaceable stapler cartridge based on the parameter comprisesdetermining that the replaceable stapler cartridge mounted to thesurgical instrument has already been fired.
 26. The method of claim 24,wherein: the stop position in located outside an initial range of motionbetween the first position and the second position; and determining theoperational status of the surgical instrument relating to thereplaceable stapler cartridge based on the parameter comprisesdetermining that the replaceable stapler cartridge mounted to thesurgical instrument has not been fired.
 27. The method of claim 26,wherein determining the operational status of the surgical instrumentrelating to the replaceable stapler cartridge based on the parametercomprises determining a type of the replaceable stapler cartridgemounted to the surgical instrument from a plurality of types of thereplaceable stapler cartridge.
 28. The method of claim 27, furthercomprising operating the actuation mechanism to move the pusher memberto a third position further away from the first position than the secondposition subject to a second output limit for the actuation mechanismgreater than the output limit for the actuation mechanism, whereinmovement of the pusher member is discontinued if the second output limitfor the actuation mechanism is exceeded during the attempt to move thepusher member to the third position.
 29. The method of claim 22, furthercomprising operating the actuation mechanism, under the control of thecontrol unit, to position the pusher member at the first position priorto the attempt to move the pusher member from the first position to thesecond position.
 30. The method of claim 29, wherein operating theactuation mechanism to position the pusher member at the first positionprior to the attempt to move the pusher member from the first positionto the second position comprises moving the pusher member away from thesecond position into contact with a portion of the surgical instrumentthat blocks further movement of the pusher member away from the secondposition.
 31. The method of claim 22, further comprising constraining astaple pushing shuttle of the replaceable stapler cartridge with a bodyof the replaceable stapler cartridge to at least one of: position thestaple pushing shuttle relative to the body of the replaceable staplercartridge; or inhibit displacement of the staple pushing shuttlerelative to the body of the replaceable stapler cartridge when thereplaceable stapler cartridge is contacted by the pushing member duringthe attempt to move the pusher member from the first position to thesecond position.
 32. A surgical system configurable to staple tissue viaa replaceable stapler cartridge, the surgical system comprising: asurgical instrument including: an end effector configured for mountingof a replaceable stapler cartridge to the end effector; a pusher memberconfigured to push a staple pushing shuttle included in the replaceablestapler cartridge to deploy staples from the replaceable staplercartridge; an elongated shaft to which the end effector is mounted at adistal end of the elongated shaft; and a proximal chassis supporting aproximal end of the elongated shaft and including an actuation inputdrivingly coupled with the pusher member; a manipulator to which theproximal chassis can be mounted, the manipulator including an actuationoutput configured to be drivingly coupled with the actuation input; anactuation mechanism drivingly coupled with the actuation output; and acontrol unit configured to: control operation of the actuation mechanismto articulate the actuation output so as to attempt to move the pushermember from a first position to a second position subject to an outputlimit for the actuation mechanism, wherein movement of the pusher memberis discontinued if the output limit for the actuation mechanism isexceeded; determine a parameter indicative of an amount of movement ofthe pusher member achieved during the attempt to move the pusher memberfrom the first position to the second position; and determine, based onthe parameter, an operational status of the surgical instrument relatingto the replaceable stapler cartridge.
 33. The surgical system of claim32, wherein the control unit is configured to determine that noreplaceable stapler cartridge is mounted to the surgical instrument inresponse to the pusher member reaching the second position during theattempt to move the pusher member from the first position to the secondposition.
 34. The surgical system of claim 32, wherein the control unitis configured to determine that a replaceable stapler cartridge ismounted to the surgical instrument in response to the pusher memberstopping at a stop position due to an exceedance of the output limit forthe actuation mechanism during the attempt to move the pusher memberfrom the first position to the second position.
 35. The surgical systemof claim 34, wherein the control unit is configured to determine thatthe replaceable stapler cartridge mounted to the surgical instrument hasalready been fired in response to the stop position being located withinan initial range of motion between the first position and the secondposition.
 36. The surgical system of claim 34, wherein the control unitis configured to determine that the replaceable stapler cartridgemounted to the surgical instrument has not been fired in response to thestop position being located outside an initial range of motion betweenthe first position and the second position.
 37. The surgical system ofclaim 36, wherein the control unit is configured to determine, based onthe parameter, a type of the replaceable stapler cartridge mounted tothe surgical instrument from a plurality of types of the replaceablestapler cartridge.
 38. The surgical system of claim 37, wherein thecontrol unit is configured to operate the actuation mechanism to movethe pusher member to a third position further away from the firstposition than the second position subject to a second output limit forthe actuation mechanism greater than the output limit for the actuationmechanism, wherein movement of the pusher member is discontinued if thesecond output limit for the actuation mechanism is exceeded.
 39. Thesurgical system of claim 32, wherein the control unit is configured tooperate the actuation mechanism to position the pusher member at thefirst position prior to the attempt to move the pusher member from thefirst position to the second position.
 40. The surgical system of claim39, wherein the control unit is configured to operate the actuationmechanism to move the pusher member away from the second position intocontact with a portion of the surgical instrument that blocks furthermovement of the pusher member away from the second position to positionthe pusher member at the first position.
 41. The surgical system ofclaim 32, wherein the replaceable stapler cartridge comprises a staplepushing shuttle and a body that constrains the staple pushing shuttle toat least one of: position the staple pushing shuttle relative to thebody of the replaceable stapler cartridge; or inhibit displacement ofthe staple pushing shuttle relative to the body of the replaceablestapler cartridge when the replaceable stapler cartridge is contacted bythe pushing member during the attempt to move the pusher member from thefirst position to the second position.
 42. A surgical device configuredto staple tissue via a replaceable stapler cartridge, the surgicaldevice comprising: an end effector configured for mounting of areplaceable stapler cartridge to the end effector; a pusher memberconfigured to articulate the replaceable stapler cartridge to deploystaples from the replaceable stapler cartridge; an actuation mechanismdrivingly coupled with the pusher member; and a control unit configuredto: control operation of the actuation mechanism to attempt to move thepusher member from a first position to a second position subject to anoutput limit for the actuation mechanism, wherein movement of the pushermember is discontinued if the output limit for the actuation mechanismis exceeded; and determine an attribute of the stapler cartridge basedon an amount of movement of the pusher member achieved during theattempt to move the pusher member from the first position to the secondposition, the determined attribute of the stapler cartridge indicating:a type of the replaceable stapler cartridge selected from a plurality oftypes of the replaceable stapler cartridges; whether the replaceablestapler cartridge has already been fired; or that no replaceable staplercartridge is mounted to the end effector.